## Fundamental on potential term Before investigating the specific expression of potentials. One should be familiar with typical values of them. | **Non-covalent** | energy (kcal/mol) | **Covalent** | energy (kcal/mol) | |:------------------------------------------:|:-----------------:|--------------|-------------------| | Hydrophobic | <10 | C-O | 81 | | Electrostatic | 1-20 | C-C | 86 | | Hydrogen bond | 2-30 | C-H | 103 | | Stacking of aromatic molecules ($\pi-\pi$) | 0-10 | C=C | 143 | | VdW | 0.1-1 | C=O | 165 | And for potential $V$, the force is $F(R) = -\frac{\mathrm{d} V(R)}{\mathrm{d} R}$. >[!Notice] >1 Ha = 17.211 eV =627.5 kcal/mol >1eV = 23 kcal/mol > > And one should notice that provisions bonds are much larger (x100) than VdW. >[!Infor] >See more on other notes about potential: [[Potential, force, momentum, velocity]], [[Expression for potential terms]].