# Material Characterization and Instruments In this page, all learned and applied characterization techniques for general material studies are listed. Those specially designed for very limited categories of experiments are not shown here, but given in relevant directories directly (for example, rheoconfocal, or semiconductor nanostructures developed to verify QHE). ## EM related characterizations ### TEM In this subsection, the table of content is provided for transmission electron microscopy. The main content may match the block course [Microscopy Training TEM I](https://www.vorlesungen.ethz.ch/Vorlesungsverzeichnis/lerneinheit.view?semkez=2023W&ansicht=ALLE&lerneinheitId=172616&lang=en). A very good website to check operation and further knowledge is [MYSCOPE](https://myscope.training/#/TEMlevel_2_1). 1. [[Structure]] 2. [[Electron guns]] 3. [[Condenser lens]] 4. [[Specimen holder]] 5. ### SEM ### Other EM related topics 1. [[Detectors]] 2. [[STEM]] 3. [[Capture modes]] 4. [[Objective and intermediate lens]] 5. ## Soft matter related characterizations This section provides general techniques for soft matter characterization. 1. [[Dynamic light scattering]] 2. [[Rheometer]] ## Scattering technique and instruments (soft matter) This section is based on the lecture [Scattering of Soft Matter](https://www.vvz.ethz.ch/Vorlesungsverzeichnis/lerneinheit.view?lerneinheitId=179958&semkez=2024S&lang=en). The primary characterization method would be SAXS and SANS, but theory and analysis for general scattering techniques are covered. Although the theories may generally be applied, this section focus more on elastic scattering. 1. [[General introduction to scattering]] 2. [[Fraunhofer scattering]] 3. [[Scattering length density in practice]] 4. [[Coherent and incoherent scattering]] 5. [[Scattering in crystals]] 6. [[Introduction to SAS]] 7. [[Differential scattering cross-section in SAS]] 8. [[Structure factor S(q) and density autocorrelation functions]] 9. [[Form factor]] 10. [[Scattering invariant]] 11. [[Radius of gyration]] 12. [[Scattering from polymers]] 13. [[Fractal dimensions]] 14. [[Surface fractal]] 15. [[Contrast variation]] Also - [[Case Study small angle scattering]] ## Scattering theory Special topic [[Scattering at Different Levels]] ## Semiconductor fabrication 1. [[Etching test for GeSn]] ## Other characterizations and instruments 1. [[Vacuum system]] 2. [[Rotary evaporator]] 3. [[Polarizer, retarder and polarization rotator]] 4. [[Spin-on doping]] 5. [[Sheet resistance measurements]] 6. [[KLayout quick reference and notes]]